Learn to Read Charts

Understand the indicators and signals that power automated trading. No prior experience needed.

1. Candlestick Charts

A candlestick chart is the most common way to view price data. Each candle represents a period of time (e.g. 4 hours, 1 day) and shows four prices:

Green candle = price went UP (close > open)
Red candle   = price went DOWN (close < open)

    |      ← High (wick/shadow)
   ███    ← Body (open to close)
   ███
    |      ← Low (wick/shadow)

The body shows the range between open and close. The wicks (thin lines above and below) show the high and low. A long wick indicates the price was pushed back — this is called rejection and can signal a reversal.

Key Candlestick Patterns

PatternWhat It Looks LikeWhat It Means
HammerSmall body at top, long lower wickBuyers stepped in — potential reversal up
Shooting StarSmall body at bottom, long upper wickSellers pushed back — potential reversal down
DojiVery small body, wicks both sidesIndecision — trend may be weakening
EngulfingLarge candle completely covers previousStrong momentum shift in that direction
Morning StarDown candle → small candle → up candleReversal from downtrend to uptrend

2. Support & Resistance

Support is a price level where buying pressure tends to stop the price from falling further. Think of it as a floor. Resistance is a price level where selling pressure tends to stop the price from rising. Think of it as a ceiling.

These levels form because traders remember where price reversed before and place orders around those areas. The more times a level is tested (price touches it and bounces), the stronger it becomes.

Key concept: When support breaks, it often becomes resistance (and vice versa). This is called a flip — a critical concept in technical analysis.

3. Trend Lines & Channel Lines

Trend Overlay

Trend Lines

A trend line is a straight line drawn across two or more price points. It's one of the simplest but most powerful tools in technical analysis.

Uptrend line (support):
                         /
                 /  price bounces
           /  off the line
     /  each time
/

Downtrend line (resistance):
\
     \  price rejected
           \  at the line
                 \  each time
                       \

A trend line needs at least two touches to be valid. Three or more touches makes it significantly stronger. When a trend line breaks, it often signals a trend reversal.

Channel Lines

A channel is formed by drawing two parallel trend lines — one along the highs and one along the lows. Price bounces between the two lines like a ball between walls.

SignalMeaning
Price touches lower channel line in uptrendBuy opportunity — support within the trend
Price touches upper channel lineTake profit zone — resistance within the trend
Price breaks below the channelTrend may be reversing — exit longs
Price breaks above the channelAcceleration — trend is strengthening

Channel breakouts: When price breaks out of a channel, the width of the channel gives you a price target. Measure the channel height and project it from the breakout point.

4. Moving Averages — SMA vs EMA

Trend Overlay

Simple Moving Average (SMA)

An SMA calculates the average closing price over a set number of periods, giving equal weight to every candle. A 50-period SMA adds up the last 50 closes and divides by 50.

EMA vs SMA — When to Use Which

FeatureSMAEMA
WeightingEqual weight to all periodsMore weight to recent prices
ResponsivenessSlower, smootherFaster, more reactive
Best forIdentifying major trends, long-term levelsCatching trend changes early, short-term signals
False signalsFewer (filters out noise)More (reacts to every wiggle)
Common periods50, 100, 2009, 21, 55, 200

Satis Omnibus uses EMAs (9, 21, 55, 200) for signal generation because the faster response catches trend shifts earlier. But many traders overlay the SMA 50 and SMA 200 on their charts for confirmation — these levels act as magnets where price often reacts.

5. Exponential Moving Averages in Satis Omnibus

Trend Overlay

Exponential Moving Average

An EMA smooths out price data to show the overall trend direction. Unlike a Simple Moving Average (SMA), the EMA gives more weight to recent prices, making it more responsive to new information.

Satis Omnibus uses four EMAs:

Price above all EMAs = strong uptrend
Price below all EMAs = strong downtrend

EMA 9 crosses above EMA 21 = bullish crossover (buy signal)
EMA 9 crosses below EMA 21 = bearish crossover (sell signal)
ConditionMeaning
EMA 9 > EMA 21 > EMA 55EMAs stacked bullish — strong uptrend
EMA 9 < EMA 21 < EMA 55EMAs stacked bearish — strong downtrend
Price pulls back to EMA 21 in an uptrendPotential buy-the-dip opportunity
Price far above EMA 21Overextended — may pull back before continuing

6. RSI — Relative Strength Index

Momentum

RSI (14-period)

RSI measures the speed and magnitude of recent price changes on a scale of 0 to 100. It tells you whether an asset is being bought aggressively (overbought) or sold aggressively (oversold).

100 ┬─────────────────────────────────
 70 ┤ - - - OVERBOUGHT ZONE - - -
     │ Price may be stretched too high
 50 ┤ ─── Neutral midline ───
     │ Price may be stretched too low
 30 ┤ - - - OVERSOLD ZONE - - - -
  0 ┴─────────────────────────────────
RSI ValueInterpretation
Above 70Overbought — price may be due for a pullback
50 to 70Bullish momentum — uptrend is healthy
30 to 50Bearish momentum — downtrend or consolidation
Below 30Oversold — price may be due for a bounce

Divergence: If the price makes a new low but RSI makes a higher low, that's bullish divergence — a powerful reversal signal. The opposite (price makes a new high, RSI makes a lower high) is bearish divergence.

7. MACD — Trend Momentum

Trend Momentum

Moving Average Convergence Divergence

MACD measures the relationship between two EMAs (12 and 26 period). It consists of three components:

Histogram bars growing ████ = momentum increasing
Histogram bars shrinking ██ = momentum fading
Histogram crosses from red to green = bullish shift
Histogram crosses from green to red = bearish shift
SignalMeaning
MACD crosses above signal lineBullish crossover — momentum turning up
MACD crosses below signal lineBearish crossover — momentum turning down
Histogram positive and growingStrong bullish momentum
Histogram negative and growingStrong bearish momentum

8. Slow Stochastic Oscillator

Momentum

Slow Stochastic (14, 3, 3)

The Slow Stochastic measures where the current close sits relative to the high-low range over a set period (usually 14). It produces two lines: %K (smoothed) and %D (signal line, a 3-period average of %K).

Unlike Stochastic RSI (which applies the formula to RSI), the Slow Stochastic works directly on price. This makes it less sensitive but more reliable — fewer false signals, especially in trending markets.

100 ┬─────────────────────────────────
 80 ┤ - - OVERBOUGHT (above 80) - -
     │
 50 ┤ ─── Midline ───
     │
 20 ┤ - - OVERSOLD (below 20) - - -
  0 ┴─────────────────────────────────
SignalMeaning
%K crosses above %D below 20Buy signal — momentum turning up from oversold
%K crosses below %D above 80Sell signal — momentum turning down from overbought
Both lines rising from below 20Building bullish momentum
Both lines falling from above 80Building bearish momentum
Price makes new low, Stochastic makes higher lowBullish divergence — reversal likely

Slow vs Fast Stochastic: The "Fast" Stochastic is very choppy and generates many false signals. The "Slow" version smooths %K with a 3-period average, filtering out noise. Most traders use the Slow version exclusively.

9. Stochastic RSI

Momentum

Stoch RSI (%K and %D)

Stochastic RSI applies the Stochastic oscillator formula to RSI values instead of price. This makes it more sensitive than regular RSI and better at catching turning points early.

It oscillates between 0 and 100 with two lines: %K (fast) and %D (slow, smoothed).

ConditionMeaning
Both lines below 20Oversold — watch for %K crossing above %D for a buy
Both lines above 80Overbought — watch for %K crossing below %D for a sell
%K crosses above %D below 20Strong buy signal from oversold
%K crosses below %D above 80Strong sell signal from overbought

Satis Omnibus tip: The strategy requires Stochastic RSI to be in oversold territory (%K below 25) before generating a BUY signal. This ensures you're buying weakness, not chasing strength.

10. TDI — Traders Dynamic Index

Momentum Trend Volatility

Traders Dynamic Index

TDI is an all-in-one indicator that combines RSI, moving averages of RSI, and Bollinger Bands of RSI into a single view. It gives you trend direction, momentum, and volatility in one pane — making it extremely powerful for confirming entries and exits.

TDI has five components:

── Upper Volatility Band ── ← Overbought zone
                                     
        ── Yellow (Market Base) ── ← 50 = neutral
                                     
── Lower Volatility Band ── ← Oversold zone

Green crosses above Red = BUY
Green crosses below Red = SELL
SignalMeaning
Green crosses above RedBuy signal — momentum shifting bullish
Green crosses below RedSell signal — momentum shifting bearish
Both lines above Yellow (50)Bullish market — look for longs only
Both lines below Yellow (50)Bearish market — look for shorts only
Green hits upper blue bandOverbought — momentum may exhaust
Green hits lower blue bandOversold — look for reversal entries
Bands narrowing (squeeze)Low volatility — big move incoming
Bands wideningHigh volatility — trend is active

Why TDI is powerful: Because it's built on RSI, it filters out price noise. The green/red crossover gives you entries, the yellow line tells you the trend, and the Bollinger Bands tell you if the move is stretched. One indicator, three layers of information.

Best TDI setup: Wait for the green line to pull back to the yellow (50) line during a trend, then cross back above red. This is the TDI equivalent of a "buy the dip" — you're entering on a momentum reset within an established trend.

11. Bollinger Bands

Volatility Overlay

Bollinger Bands (20, 2)

Bollinger Bands wrap around the price with three lines: a middle band (20-period SMA) and upper/lower bands set 2 standard deviations away. They expand when volatility increases and contract when it decreases.

─── Upper Band ─── ← Price here = stretched high
                         Most price action stays
─── Middle Band ── ← 20-period average
                         between the bands
─── Lower Band ─── ← Price here = stretched low
ConditionMeaning
Price touches lower bandPotentially oversold — look for confirmation to buy
Price touches upper bandPotentially overbought — look for confirmation to sell
Bands squeezing (narrow)Low volatility — a big move is coming (direction unknown)
Bands expanding (wide)High volatility — trend is strong, trade with it

Bollinger Bounce: In the Satis Omnibus DIP strategy, a buy signal requires price to be near or below the lower Bollinger Band. This confirms the asset is at a statistically low point relative to recent price action.

12. Gaussian Channel

Trend Overlay

Gaussian Channel Filter

The Gaussian Channel uses a mathematically smoothed average (Gaussian filter) to create a channel around price. It's less noisy than Bollinger Bands and excellent at identifying the overall trend direction.

ConditionMeaning
Price above the channelBullish — strong upward momentum
Price inside the channelNeutral — trend is transitioning or consolidating
Price below the channelBearish — strong downward momentum
Channel turning up (green)Trend shifting bullish
Channel turning down (red)Trend shifting bearish

Satis Omnibus tip: The Gaussian Channel being bullish (green) is one of the 6 core conditions required for a STRICT buy signal. It acts as a trend filter to avoid buying in downtrends.

13. Fibonacci Retracement

Trend

Fibonacci Levels

Fibonacci retracement levels are horizontal lines that indicate where support and resistance are likely to occur. They're based on Fibonacci ratios (23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%, 78.6%) drawn between a swing high and swing low.

Swing High ────────── 0% (100% retracement)
             ────── 23.6% (shallow pullback)
             ────── 38.2% (moderate pullback)
             ────── 50.0% (key level)
             ────── 61.8% (golden ratio — strongest)
             ────── 78.6% (deep pullback)
Swing Low  ────────── 100%

The 61.8% level (the "golden ratio") is the most important. In an uptrend, a pullback to 61.8% that holds is often a strong buy opportunity. If it breaks below 78.6%, the trend may be reversing.

DIP mode: The Satis Omnibus DIP strategy looks for price pulling back to Fibonacci support levels (50%-61.8%) within an intact uptrend. This gives you a better entry price than buying at the top.

14. Fibonacci Extensions

Trend

Fibonacci Extension Levels

While Fibonacci retracements help you find where a pullback might end, Fibonacci extensions help you find where the next move might go. They project price targets beyond the current swing.

Extensions are drawn using three points: a swing low, a swing high, and the retracement low. The key extension levels are:

Extension targets (above the swing high):

────── 261.8%  Extended target (rare but powerful)
────── 200.0%  Major extension target
────── 161.8%  The golden extension (most reliable)
────── 127.2%  First extension target
────── 100.0%  Swing high (the breakout point)
              ...
──────  0.0%   Swing low
LevelHow to Use It
127.2%First take-profit target — conservative. Good for partial profit.
161.8%The golden extension — the most commonly hit target. Many traders set their primary take-profit here.
200.0%Measured move target — price has doubled the original swing. Strong resistance expected.
261.8%Extended target — only hit in strong trends. Trail your stop rather than targeting this.

Practical use: After entering a trade on a Fibonacci retracement (buying at 61.8%), use the 161.8% extension as your take-profit target. This gives you an excellent reward-to-risk ratio — you're buying at a discount and selling at a premium.

Confluence with extensions: When a Fibonacci extension level lines up with a previous support/resistance level, that zone becomes very significant. Price is likely to react there — either pause, consolidate, or reverse.

15. ATR — Average True Range

Volatility

ATR (14-period)

ATR measures how much an asset typically moves in a given period. It doesn't tell you direction — just the magnitude of movement. Higher ATR = more volatile; lower ATR = calmer.

Satis Omnibus uses ATR to set dynamic stop losses and take profit targets:

This gives a 2:1 reward-to-risk ratio — you risk 1.5 ATR to make 3 ATR. Even with a 40% win rate, this ratio is profitable long-term.

Why ATR matters: A fixed $5 stop loss makes no sense if Bitcoin moves $2,000 per day but is perfect for a $50 stock. ATR-based stops automatically adapt to each asset's volatility.

16. Volume

Volume

Trading Volume

Volume shows how many shares or coins were traded in each period. It confirms whether a price move is backed by conviction or is just noise.

Price + VolumeMeaning
Price up + volume upStrong bullish move — buyers are committed
Price up + volume downWeak rally — could reverse (exhaustion)
Price down + volume upStrong selling pressure — panic or distribution
Price down + volume downWeak sell-off — could be a normal pullback
Breakout + high volumeConfirmed breakout — likely to continue
Breakout + low volumeSuspect breakout — likely to fail (fakeout)

17. Higher Timeframe Analysis

One of the most important concepts in trading: always check the bigger picture. A buy signal on a 4-hour chart means nothing if the daily and weekly charts show a strong downtrend.

Satis Omnibus uses a Higher Timeframe (HTF) Gate that checks the daily chart before allowing trades on the 4-hour chart:

If the daily trend is bearish, no buy signals fire on the 4-hour chart — even if every other indicator says "buy". This prevents you from fighting the larger trend.

The #1 beginner mistake is trading against the higher timeframe trend. A "great setup" on a 4-hour chart inside a daily downtrend will lose money more often than not. The HTF gate exists to prevent this.

18. Putting It All Together — Confluence

No single indicator is reliable on its own. The power comes from confluence — multiple indicators agreeing at the same time. The more indicators that align, the higher the probability of a successful trade.

How Satis Omnibus STRICT Mode Works

A STRICT buy signal requires all 6 conditions to be true simultaneously:

  1. EMA Stack — EMA 9 > EMA 21 > EMA 55 (trend structure is bullish)
  2. Price above EMA 200 — long-term trend is up
  3. RSI 40-70 — momentum is bullish but not overextended
  4. MACD Histogram positive — short-term momentum is rising
  5. Stochastic RSI %K below 25 — buying at a short-term dip (not chasing)
  6. Gaussian Channel bullish — the smoothed trend filter confirms

Then the HTF gate must also pass (daily trend up), and a quality score is assigned based on how strongly each condition is met.

Quality Stars

RatingWhat It MeansPosition Size
1 starMinimum conditions met — entry is acceptable but not idealSmaller
2 starsGood setup — multiple confirmations align wellStandard
3 starsExceptional setup — strong confluence across all indicatorsLarger

19. Common Mistakes

Overtrading

More trades doesn't mean more profit. Quality setups are rare — the scanner checks 670+ instruments to find the handful that meet all conditions. Patience is the edge.

Ignoring the Trend

Buying in a downtrend because RSI is "oversold" is a trap. Oversold can stay oversold for weeks in a strong downtrend. Always check the EMA stack and HTF gate first.

Moving Stop Losses

Never move a stop loss further away to "give the trade room". The stop was set based on ATR for a reason. Moving it increases your risk beyond what the strategy calculated.

Chasing Entries

If you missed the entry, let it go. Buying after the move has already happened gives you a worse risk/reward ratio. Wait for the next setup.

Using Too Many Indicators

More indicators doesn't mean better analysis. Many indicators are derivatives of price and say the same thing in different ways. The Satis Omnibus indicator set was chosen to cover trend, momentum, and volatility without redundancy.

Remember: The goal isn't to predict the future — it's to find setups where the probability is in your favor and the risk is controlled. Even the best setups fail sometimes. That's why position sizing and stop losses matter more than the entry.